Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism, vehemently condemned the caste system, ritualism, idol worship, and ascetic practices during the 15th century. His teachings emphasized the equality of all human beings and the importance of a direct connection with the divine, without the need for intermediaries or religious rituals.

However, despite Guru Nanak’s teachings and the progress made over the centuries, these practices continue to persist in the 20th century. There are several reasons for this continuation:

Why continuation of caste system:

Social and Cultural Factors

The caste system, deeply ingrained in the social fabric of many societies, continues to exert its influence. It perpetuates social divisions and discrimination, making it difficult to break free from its grip. Additionally, cultural traditions and customs often reinforce these practices, making it challenging to bring about meaningful change.

Lack of Awareness and Education

Many individuals may not be aware of Guru Nanak’s teachings or the principles of equality and inclusivity that he espoused. Lack of education and exposure to alternative perspectives can contribute to the perpetuation of these practices.

Interpretation and Misunderstanding

Over time, the original teachings of Guru Nanak may have been misinterpreted or misunderstood. This can lead to the distortion of his message and the perpetuation of practices that he explicitly condemned.

Resistance to Change

Change is often met with resistance, particularly when it challenges long-standing beliefs and practices. Some individuals and communities may be resistant to abandoning these practices due to fear, attachment, or a sense of identity tied to them.

In conclusion, despite Guru Nanak’s condemnation of the caste system, ritualism, idol worship, and ascetic practices, their continuation in the 20th century can be attributed to social and cultural factors, lack of awareness and education, misinterpretation, and resistance to change. It is essential to promote awareness, education, and a deeper understanding of Guru Nanak’s teachings to challenge and eventually eradicate these practices.

However, here are three books that were well-regarded for their exploration of Guru Nanak’s teachings and the caste system:

1. “Guru Nanak: His Life and Teachings” by Roopinder Singh:
   • This book provides an overview of Guru Nanak’s life and his profound teachings. While it covers various aspects of his philosophy, it also touches upon his thoughts on societal structures, including the caste system.
2. “The Sikh Religion: Its Gurus, Sacred Writings and Authors” by Max Arthur MacAuliffe:
   • Although an older work, this compilation by Max Arthur MacAuliffe delves into the Sikh religion, its founders, and the teachings. It may offer insights into Guru Nanak’s perspectives on social issues, including the caste system.
3. “Guru Nanak: Visionary of a New Society” by I.J. Singh:
   • I.J. Singh explores Guru Nanak’s life and the societal implications of his teachings in this book. The text may shed light on Guru Nanak’s stance on issues such as equality and the caste system.

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