The Chandi Charitar is a section of the Bachitra Natak, which is a composition included in the Dasam Granth (Dasven Pādśāh kā Graṅth), a sacred text of the Sikhs. The Dasam Granth is attributed to Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Sikh Guru. The Chandi Charitar is a narrative that recounts the story of the goddess Chandi, a fierce warrior who battles demons. Chandi Charitra is written in Braj verse. Braj is an Old Western Hindi language.
All about Chandi Charitar:
Braj Bhasha is a Western Hindi language that developed as a literary language in the 15th century. It was used in devotional poetry from 1450–1700 and erotic poetry from 1700–1850. Braj Bhasha was the primary medium for “Hindi” poetry in northern India until the 1920s.
The Chandi Charitar is divided into three parts, each containing several chapters. It describes the exploits of Chandi and her battles against various demons, showcasing her strength and valor. The text is written in a poetic style and is revered by Sikhs as a source of inspiration and guidance.
Controversies:
However, the Chandi Charitar has also been a subject of controversy.
- Some scholars and critics have raised concerns about the explicit and graphic nature of the content. They argue that the violence, including beheadings and gruesome battles, and sexual imagery used in the text are not in line with the teachings of Sikhism and may be inappropriate for a religious scripture.
- It includes episodes from Hindu mythology, such as the story of Markandeya witnessing the cosmic form of the goddess.
- It portrays the goddess Chandi as a warrior, and some critics argue that the text’s masculine depiction of power may be perceived as inconsistent with Sikhism’s emphasis on gender equality.
- Some scholars and factions within Sikhism question the authorship of certain portions of Dasam Granth, including Chandi Charitar, leading to debates about the authenticity of the text.
Counter to Controversies:
The content of Chandi Charitar revolves around the mythical and metaphorical narratives of the goddess Chandi’s battles against demons, and the emphasis is on the broader themes of righteousness, justice, and the triumph of good over evil.
Additionally, there are debates about the authorship of the Dasam Granth itself, including the Chandi Charitar. Some scholars question whether Guru Gobind Singh was the sole author, suggesting that some portions may have been added or modified by later editors. These controversies have led to discussions and disagreements within the Sikh community.
Despite the controversies surrounding the Chandi Charitar, it remains an integral part of the Dasam Granth and continues to be studied and revered by many Sikhs. It is seen as a powerful depiction of female strength and the triumph of good over evil. The interpretation and understanding of the Chandi may vary among individuals, but its significance within Sikhism cannot be overlooked.
Dasam Granth is respected equally but is not considered equal to Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji. Hence, Dasam Granth is placed on a slightly lower level alongside Guru Granth Sahib Ji. Guru Gobind Singh ji himself elevated Sri Guru Granth Sahib ji to an elevated/exalted position.
One notable book that delves into the interpretation and understanding of Chandi Charitar is:
Title: “Chandi Charitar Ukat(i) Bilas“ Author: Prof. Sahib Singh
Description: Prof. Sahib Singh, a renowned Sikh scholar and theologian, has written a commentary on Chandi Charitar, providing insights into the linguistic, historical, and spiritual aspects of the text. His work aims to help readers comprehend the deeper meanings and significance of it within the context of Sikh philosophy and scripture. Prof. Sahib Singh’s commentary is respected for its scholarly approach and its contribution to the understanding of Sikh scriptures.
Bachittar Natak: An Introduction to a Controversial Part of Dasam Granth
Religion and Conflict
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